Hydraulic ram



D. F. ASBURY HYDRAULIC RAM Jan. 29, 1935.

Filed Feb. 9, 193s 4 sheets-sheet 2 I mu-V Jan. 29, 1935. D F, ASBURY 1,989,580

HYDRAULIC RAM Filed Feb. 9, 1953 4 SheetsSheet 3 9 zza 106 9 108 104 zo V 96 /115 10J i I 100 4 102 I; l Y- l- 105 l IlIIIAlll/IIII Vzw 97 95 \y i 93 119 zzz zo 92 109 ,H5116 Janna,

Jan. 29, 1Q35. D F. ASBURY 1,989,580

HYDRAULIC VRAM Filed Feb.' 9, 1953 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented` Jan. 29, 1935 i UNITED l STAT-Es PATEN Torrlce HYDRAULIC RAM Y Dorsey F. Asbury, Broonies Island,l Md. Application February '9, 1933, SerialNo.- 656,015

' 2s claims. (01." 10s-77) It is my purpose to produce a veryY light and compact hydraulic ram which 'can be manufactured and shipped cheaply'. y

The following are the structural objects of my invention: to produce a ram in which resilient rubber acts as the pulsating element in order to avoid the use of an air dome which requires frequent replenishing `with air to restore maximum efficiency; to make the momentum of the water operate 'with a quick push against resilient rubber which will `store energy and then use it in the other part of the cycleof operation; to causel the momentum ofthe cut-off valve and the pressure against said valve to help open the expansion chamber valve; to assist gravity in opening the cut-off valve by causing the closing movement of the expansion chamber valve to be moving the cut-off valve downwardly before the said cut-off valve begins to open; to locate the Yimpulse blades that rotate the cut-off valveso that they will be out of the water while the valve is openingthere-y by permitting the valve tofall open quicker ;"'to provide automatic compensating means to permit' permanent set in the longitudinal stretch' of the rubber diaphragm without deficiency in the rub'- bers action; to provide a follow-upspring pressing down on the rubber to compensate for a permarient set in that portion ofthe rubber which is above the expansion chamber 'valve and under compression in order to make `theramirun a long time without readjusting; to provide either a weight or a secondary expansion chamber outside of the rubber diaphragm to make thedownwardly acting force rof the diaphragm large enough to overcome the momentum of the water' inV the drive pipe and then close the expansion chamber valve after the impulse; to locate the expansiony chamber valve at the very end of the driving column of waterso that 100% Aof the water columns momentum will be available to open the valve and force water into the expansion cham# ber; to provide an inside and an outside support to hold the'rubber of thediaphragm andto 'make one of the supports carry theforce that is exerted on the other support; to "provide a'water tight seal between stretched rubber and asealing member by locating the sealing member where it vwill preventlthe rubber from stretching in a straight line thereby causing the pressure between the rubber and the sealing member to be greater than the pressure in the waterconfined; Ytohave the waste water leave from the top ofthe ram and flow `downwardly over the outside of the-rubber diaphragm to prevent oxidation of the rubberV and also to maintain the outside thereof Warmer than the atmosphere inthe winter and cooler than the atmosphere in the summer; to provide a light thin ring valve whichwhen pressed on uniformly by rubber it will conform to its mating seat and seal with substantially uniform pressure throughout its sealing surface; to provide means to hold therubber diaphragm-concentric with the expansion chamber valve and tol guide the expansion chamber valve 'concentric with itsn'iat.- ing seat; to provide means whereby the expansion chamber valve, which ,has no stem; isvmaintained level'with its'mating seat while the vvalve is open so that the waterH forced in the chamber will be distributed equallyradially 360;'to make the expansion chamber valve of wood or thin metal and support it Yby thick rubber lso that the closing of the cut-off-valve there yagainstwill-make very little noise; toincrease the effectiveness of the drive pipe -'frams that are run by l'water from are tesianwells byhaving the drive pipe hang d own in the wells casing in'` order that its lower end will be highpressurefwater wherer it will ll the pipe faster'ralnd'thereby permit the'water to run through the pipe faster and store more -energy; to provide anartesian wells casing with an overflow pipe 'independentof the rams drive pipe and to have thewater' in the overflow pipe spill on the ram to; protect the outsideofthe rubber and also to keep the waterin the ram from freezing in case the ram should stop or be stopped during cold'weather; to hang the rams drive pipe down in the artesian wells casing to keepthe water in the drive pipe from freezing should the ram stop and also to cause the friction of the water current .in the wells lcasing above the lower end of the drive pipe to add to the water head which runs the ram; to make the rubber thick enough so that its working stretch will be only about 1/80 of its 650% maximum stretch so that the diaphragm willlast several years.

In the drawings chosen for the purpose of illus trating myinvention f Fig.1 is a vertical cross section of a hydraulic ram constructed in accordance with my invention and connected to an artesian well;

Fig; 2 is a View looking down on lthe top of ram shown in Fig. 1;

f' Fig.y A3 shows a leather seat valve that may be substitutedfor the valve shown in Fig. 1; Figure 3a is a'tran'sverse'section'of the valve shown in Figure; f' f Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section' through the rubber diaphragm shown in Fig. 1; y

Figi 5 is a section through a thin metal valve the of Athe wood` valve. cylindrical flange 4l extending vupward over which Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 is a transverse section on line 6-6 of Fig. 1;

Fig. '7 is a vertical cross section of a modified form of my invention showing a secondary expansion chamber;

Fig` 8 is a longitudinal section through the rubber diaphragm shown in Fig. '7;

Fig. 9*: shows irl-detail the valve shown in Fig. 7; Figure 9a is a transverse section ofl theyalve shown in Figure 9;

Fig. 10 is a vertical cross section of a modified form of my invention showing weights holdingthe rubber diaphragm down;

Fig. 11 is a view looking down on the ram shown in Fig. 10; l

Fig. 12 is a vertical cross section through the simplest and least expensive form of my invention;

Fig. 13 is a transverse section on line 13-13 ofFig. 12; andv Fig. 14 is a transverse of Fig. l2. y i

Referring to the dra gs, Fig. 1 is a vertical cross section of a hydraulicram constructed in accordancewith my invention Aand connected to an artesian well 20'having a casing pipe 21 eX- tending fully 60 feet below the surface 22 of the ground. On the upper end of the wells casing pipe isscrewed a fitting 23 having a side outlet consisting of an `'elbow 24 supportingan overflow pipe 25 whichriextends upwardly about 5 feet to provide ahead of water above the ground, this pipe extends bakj-downto within about 2 feet 'section on une 14- 14 of theground with the center of the end 26 over` the center of the well for purposes that will presently appear. -The air ,holeI 27 the top ofthe overflow pipe prevents the water flowing through the downward extendingn portion from siphoning and reducing the water head, small leak holes likel 28- in the side of the pipeprovideucirculation to keep the water from freezing in casethere is water in the pipe and operatingl A1;

The base casting 29 of :the ram sits on the washer 30 between it and the fitting 23, the rams drive pipe 31 is screwed to casting .29 and extends hanging therefrom. about 55 feet down inside of the wells casing and the central member 32 is screwed to the base casting to form .a continuation of the drive pipe 31. Inside andV vcentral with member 32 is a guide bearing-,33 in which recipro-v cates the stem 34 of the cut-oifvalve 35,. The

. hollow rubber diaphragm 361 forms'the outside wall of the rams expansion chamber 37 and the inside wall `thereof is formed by the member 32. The expansion chamber valve 38 is ring shaped and has two sealing surfaces on its lower side, the outside sealing surface mates with the end of member 32 and thev inside surface is shownin contact with its mating seaton the cut-off valve.

The expansion chamber valve shown in Fig. l is made of rhard wood concentric 'with 'the woods heartsol the end of the cylindrical layers of the woods growth will form a plurality of circular seals. Eitherthe valve shown by Fig. 3 which is made of leather 39 inlaid in metal 40 or the thin metalfvalve shownv by Fig. 5 may be used instead The base castingr 29hasa is forced the lower end portion 42 of the rubber diaphragmto forma watertight seal between the expansion chamber and theatmosphere. The lower end Vof the rubber diaphragmk has anoutno overflow while the ram isL that may be substituted for the valve shown in wardly projecting flange 43 and surrounding this rubber flange and supported by the same is a metal member 44 having a flange extending inwardly which supports the portion 42 of the diaphragm. The upper end of the rubber diaphragm has an outer flange 45 and an inner flange 46 and inward of the latter is a filling in cylindrical rubber member 47 having avshape supporting metal ring 48. The expansion chamber valve 38 by supporting both the inner fiange 46 and the rubber member 47 supports the outer flange 45through ,the-metal member 49 which surrounds flange 45 and extends :inwardly over rubber ange 46 and rubber member 47. The lower end of the outside frame 50 Y is screwed to the base casting 29 and it extends up to the top of the ram, member 49 has a flange 51 the outside of which is guided by frame 50 and the-upper side of'which supports the outer ends of a series of radial springs 52 and the inner ends of the springs are supported by the flange 53 on member 49. These springs 52 are joined at their outer end by enough metal to hold them radial while they are simultaneously compressed or adjustedl by rotating the member 54 which is threaded to the frame 50. Member 49 guides the upper end of the diaphragm and the diaphragm guides the expansion chamber valve concentric with the drive pipe and cut-off valve.

In Fig. 1 the cut-off valve 35 is shown closed against the expansion chamber valve 38 which is nearly closed, the rubber diaphragm 36 is bulged outwardly by the pressure inside the eX- pansion chamber 37 this pressure being necessary to force water upto a reservoir. The force of the springs 52 `and the force in the rubber above the expansion chamber valve v38 moves the valve downwardly to close against its mating seat which is formed by the upper end of member 32. This downward movement moves the cut-off valve downward and also moves the water in the drive pipe slightly downwardly to relieve pressure against the under side of the cut-off Valve while said Valve opens. This downward movement given to the cut-off valve before it opens assists gravity in opening said valve. When the expansion chambervalve closes the cut-off valve keeps on moving downwardly. due to theV force of its own momentum and that of gravity until it is stopped by the upper end of the guide bearing 33. Then the water in the drive pipe begins to flow by the cutoff valves periphery to the atmosphere through the hole 55 in the top of the ram and when the water acquires velocity enough the current acting against thelower surface of the cutoff valve lifts said valve and it closes against the expansion chamber valve, then the momentum in the long straight column of water from the bottom of the drive pipe 31 to the top of member 32 acting against the lower side of both the cutoff valve and the expansion chamber valve opens the latter and forces water radially 360 by .this

valve into thek expansionchamber 37. After the4 out through the discharge pipe 19 during said time.

The vmost n pansion chamber valve is delivered through the cut-off valve and stem 34 of the latter is held by guide `bearing 33 square to the mating seat of the expansion chamber valve and this is the means that keeps the seat of the expansion chamber valve level with its mating seat While the valve is open.

If there occurs a permanent set in the rubber due to mashingit against the expansion chamber valve the springs 52 pressing down on the member 49 will follow this member and thus compensate for the decrease in the working thickness of the rubber and if there is a permanent set in the `rubber diaphragm due to longitudinal stretchothe pressure of the water in the expansion chamber will push the lower end of the diaphragm further down over the cylindrical ange 41 and this will compensate for the permanent set.

As water cannot be forced through one end of a drive pipe any faster-than it enters the other end the drive pipe 31 which projects about 50 feet down in the artesianxwell has an advantage for the high pressure at its lower end will cause the water to` ll the pipe as fast as the water heady which runs the ramvcan move the Water through the pipe.

This ramv makes about iiftystrokes per minute and while the ram is operating and also if the ram should stop with the cut-oi valve open water flowing out through the hole 55 runs down over and maintains a coating of water over the outside of the rubber to prevent oxidation of the rubber by the air and also to maintain the rubber cooler than 4the atmosphere in the summer and warmer than the atmosphere in the winter. If the ramstops with the' cut-0E valve closed the water from the well will flow through theoverflow pipe 25 andkeep the water strata leading to the well open`and the water from the overow pipe will spill on the ram to keep the rubber diaphragm wet and also keep the water in the ram from freezing.

Referring to the disclosure shown by Fig. 7, Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 of the drawings the water which runs thisram enters through a horizontal drive pipe 56,',the elbow 57 and the central vertical hollow member 58 forms a continuation of the drive pipe. The waste water from., the ram leaves through the hole 59 in the top thereof and flows down over the outside of the rubber diaphragm 60. 'Ifhe water pumped by the ram is forced out through the discharge pipe 61 to a reservoir not shown. Central with and supported by member` 58 is a guide bearing 62 in which the stem 63 of the cut-off valve 64 reciprocates. A cavity 65 is made in the under side of the cut-off valve to allow the upper end of the guide bearing 62 to be nearer the plane of the expansion 'chamb er valve 66,.this,feature becomes more important as the size of the ram is increased. The purpose and action lof the wheel 67 shown on top ofthe cut-off valve will be stated in the description of Fig. 12. At the top of the diaphragm 60 isa rubber flange 68 on the outside and a rubber flange 69 on the inside and inwardof the latter is a filling in rubber member 70 having a s hapersupporting metal ring 71. The'metal member 72 surrounds the rubber flange 68 'and the downward pull of the outside of the rubber diaphragm is carried .and delivered down throughthe rubber flange 69 and rubber mem vof the force which opens the .ex.

ber 70 tothe vexpansion chamber valve 66. f The upper end ofthey rubber diaphragm is' held concentric with the expansion chamber valve by the periphery of the latter and :the expansion chamber Valve is guidedby aseries of prongsz'73 projecting downward from ,the underside of the valve and bearing'against-theinside surface 7e of the top of member 58.l ,The lowerzportion 75 of-member 58 is forced throughthe hole76 in the lower end.77 of the diaphragm 60y and the Yinside wall Yof the expansion chamber 78 is formed by the outside of member 58. Expansion chamber` 79 is formed between the outside of the rubber diaphragm-60 and the inside of metal mem' ber 80; The annularflanges 81 and 82 onthe lower end of the diaphragm respectively form water tight seals with the voutside of member 58 and inside of member 80. -The annular ridges 83 on the inside of member 80 permitdownward movement ofthe lower end 77 and resist up- Wardmovement thereof so as to hold the said lower end down after' itzhas` once been forced downward by the pressure .of the water in the expansion chambers 78 and 79 in order that there will be enough longitudinal vstretch in the diaphragm after the ramisfstopped to cause the diaphragm to start to functionv when the ram is again started by pushing the cut-vif valve open.' While assembling the ram the annularflange 84 on the inside of member- 80 yacts against the flange 82 .topull the lower end Yof the diaphragmv down far enough to cause the diaphragm tofunction when theram is started the first time.I

Member 80 is pulled down by Irotating ring 85 which is threaded with' 80 and' which bears against the under side of the iiange' 86 cast with the elbow 57. The series of -`holes 87 permit the water., to flow .freely lfrom Lexpansion chamber 78k to expansiony chamber 79; At the ftop of frnem-y ber 80 is formed anannular fiangeffSS leaving.y

its least inside diameter slightly lessthan the outside diameter of the'mating portion of'the diaphragm and this flange is so located to prevent the rubber of thediaphra'gm from stretching straightfrom abovegsaid flange to the lower end ofthe diaphragm therebyfcausing the. rubber to contactagainstgthe sealing -corner 89 with a greaterunit* pressure than that ofthe water confined in expansionchamber79; also the bend` ing of the rubber around the corner 89 by the bulgein the diaphragm abovethe sealing member increases the pressure at the corner 89. The water in chamber 78-mashes rubber of the 'diaphragm against flange 881 andthe rubber below said flange is mashed between the water in chambers 78 and 79 and.` the rubber flanges 8l and 82 are respectively mashed by the water in chambers 78 and 79 and the-amount of this mashing of the rubber varies directly rwith the pressure of the water henceallthis mashing of the rubber in the diaphragm forms part of the means whereby more amount of water canv be forced into the rams expansion chambers per a unit of time Athan thatamountA discharged therefrom` during the same unit of time. y

The purposes of theoutside expansion chamber 79 are toprovide a chamber` from whichl the water may be discharged through a metal pipe 61,'to have the hole 76 shown in Fig. 8 as small as the outside diameter of the drive pipe porthe rubber and it thereby enables vthe rubber diaphragm to continue to function ythroughout.

its effective life without being .manually adjusted.

l Fig. 10 and Fig. 11 show a. modified form of my invention having a horizontal drive pipe 90, an elbow 91 and a central member 92 like respective parts shown in Fig.v 7 and already described. The water from the expansionchamber 93 is vdischarged through a flexible; rubber. hose .'94

oneend of which is connected directly'to the diaphragm 95 and the other is forced over ahose connection 96 which is screwed to the pipe 97. The expansion chamber valve is formed bya ring 98 of sole leather inlaid in a metal casing 99 and projecting downwardly from'thevcasing is` a series of prongs 100 withtheir inside surface,-

bearing loosely against. the outside cylindrical surface at the top of member 92; thesey prongs 100 guide the valve concentric with its mating seat formed by the top of member 92. Thev cut"- oif valve 101 is guided by its stem 102 working in bearing 103. Theoutside flange 104 and theinsideflange 105 Vmade on thefupperendo'the diaphragm, the lling in rubber member 106,

the shape supporting ring 107 and the metal.

member 108 surrounding the upper end of the diaphragm are like those respective parts already.

described with Fig. 7. The lower end 109 of the diaphragm flts water tight around the vmember 92. The outside annular flange 110.0n` the diaphragm supports the member i111 whichv -surrounds itand this member supports the portion of the rubber which is around the centralvmember 92. i' e lWhen the ram is running and duringthe.v time the momentum of the water in the drive pipe is being, overcome there is a greate'rarea` acted on by the pressure in the drive pipe andexpansionchamber to force the upperend rof the diaphragmy upward than the area. acted-,on by the pressure in the expansion chamber to force the lowerend of the diaphragm downward, to overbalance thisv excess force acting upwardly Iprovide cylindrical weights 112, 113 and 114,and support them by the lower end of the diaphragm. Themetal ring fits on top of the Iflange 116 forminga part of member 111 and ts under the flange 117 which 'is a part of the weight 112. The weight 112 vhas a recess 118 in one sidethroughwhich the flexible rubber hose 94 projects and the opposite recess 119 is provided ,to make the yweight symmetrical. vMember V108 holds the upper end of the weight 112fcentral by guiding the inside surface of the lugs .120. To prevent excess heating ofthe water pumped bythe ram only the weight 112 is to be used with the ram forcing water to a low reservoir and the weight 113 is to be added for a` medium high reservoir and the weight 114 is to be added when the reservoir is high. lI'he metal ring 115 is so made that it will llt over the top of member 108 where it may be used to support the` weights by'being under the lugs 120, the recesses 118 and 119 permit the metal ring 115 to be entered by the ilange 117 to assemble the ring under the lugs 120.

Fig. 12, Fig. `134 and, Fig. .14 ofthedrawings show the simplest/form of `a ram constructed'in accordance with my invention. The water which' runs the ram' flows'fthrough the horizontal drive pipe :124.thence `through the elbow portion 125 and central vertical portionl26 of the main casting V127 and thence on by the periphery of the cut-off valve 128 outthrough the hole 129 to the atmosphere. The cut-off valves stem 130 fits `very loosely inthe guide bearing 131 and the current of the water in getting by the cut-off valve impinges against zthelower side thereof and lifts the. valve; Projecting up'ward from the center of thetupper sideof the cut-off valve is a stem l32'to whichisscrewed'the hubv 133 having four impulse Vvblades' 134 'projectingradially therefrom against which the 'current of the-'water impinges to rotate the cut-01T :valve and also tofhelp lift the Valve to its closed position-against the under side of theexpansion chamber valve 135. Intelgral with an'dbelow the expansin' chamber valve is a ring A136V connected to the valve by the vertical ribs 137, the inside surface of the ring 136 bears-loosely against the outside surface 138 to guide the valve concentric with its mating seat on theupper end of Icasting 127. 1

vToassernble the parts to Ithe rubber diaphragm 139,' ilrs't collapse its upper end and place it in the member 140, then press the lower end of the diaphragm slightly.' oval and put the expansion chamber valve and the threaded member `141 inside,- then collapse the lowerend and place it in the member 142, thenV push the expansion chamber -valve-.up into its place and the threaded member down into its place, then with the cutoff val-ve 128 in place lower the rubberdiaphragm and parts' assembled thereto over the main casting- 127 and Iscrew d'own member 141 by rotating member 142,: then screw the -hub 133 of the impulse bladesy `134 to the stem 132. The proper longitudinal stretch in the rubber diaphragm is ascertained whilethe ramis running by rotating the lower end of -the diaphragm with a Spanner wrench;A hooked in'one ofthe holes 143 in the periphery of member 142 and measuring the water forced tothe reservoir through the pipe 144. The upper end of the diaphragm and the expansion chamber valve are free to rotate together when thev said valve is open and the small twist in the diaphragm produced by rotating the lower end while'the valve` is closed will untwist whiler the valveis open. i

The rotative force applied to member 142 is transmitted to rotate 'member 141 by the keys 145 on member 141'v projecting down through the ilange` 146 which formed a part of member 143. For holding the rubber diaphragm the lower end thereof has aninner flange 147 and an outer flange 148 and the member 141 supports the said innerilange a'n'd'also supports the member 142 which supports the said outer flange, and the upperend'ofthe diaphragm has an inner ilange 149 andan outer flange 150 and the expansion chamber valve 135 supports the said inner flange and this flange supports the member 1-40 which supports the said outer flange.'

While the currentv of the water is moving the cut-off valve 128 in its closing direction there is a fountain'of water acting on the impulse blades 134, this fountain of water disappears during the time lthe said valve stays closed, the cut-off valve opens during the time thel water in the drive pipeis still therefore duringithe opening movement of the cut-off valve therev is no water above member to act on the nimpulse lblades toretard .the valves opening movement.

Iiclainf -VL' fr: g 1j W I 1. In an hydraulic ram', adrivepi'p having a cut-olf valve, and expansion chamberformed by a rubber`v diaphragm 'andthe pipe,` having a valve, said cut-oil valve `seating against saidexpansion chamber valve,l and means whereby said cut-off valve preventsV said expansion chamber valve from tilting. y, 1

2.' In 4an hydraulicram, va hollow cylindrical member, a rubber diaphragm forming an expansion chamber between itself land the'` outside of the hollow cylindricalmember,athinround valve betweenv the member and diaphragm seating againstthe end of said member and closed by the rubber diaph1f gm, and lmeans 'maintaining the valve concentric withthe memberd" 3. An hydraulieram including a drive pipe have ing afcylindrical end, arubber diaphragm surrounding said cylindrical end `forming acham ber, and a ring valve between the chamber and drive pipe seating against rthe 'end of :the drive pipe whereby when the valveA is open water. is discharge'dradially through an arc of 360fhfrom the'dr'ive pipinto'the'hambeh,

`4. In an hydraulicramfincluding a drivepipe, a rcut-off valve to stop the water lfrom dowing from the drive pipe tothe'atmospheraand means to move the cut-oli 4valve in its opening direction while closed to therebyfmovefthej` water in itial opening of vthecut-off valve occurs.

5. An hydraulie ram havinga tubularshaped rubber diaphragm, a drive pipe extending through the drivepipe slightly backwardly before the inthe ilower end-'fof the diaphragm to, theupper end thereof thereby forming `an expansionchamf.

ber around the drive pipe,fa`valveat the end of the drive pipe carried'by the diaphragm permitting vwater to be' forced, into the expansion chamber, anda cut-off valve alsoat'the end of thedrivepipe permitting water to ilow tothe atmosphere andVV then 'closing saidend of the diaphragm, and an extra expansion chamber outside of the rubber diaphragm acting to pull the diaphragm downward to overcome the momentum of the water in the drive pipe and close the expansion chamber valve after the momentum of the water in the drive pipe has forced water int the expansion chamber.

, 6. An hydraulic ram having a tubular shaped rubber diaphragm, a drive pipe extending through the lower end of the diaphragm to the upper end thereof thereby forming an expansion chamber around the drive pipe, a valve at the end of the drive pipe carried bythe diaphragm permitting water to be :forced into the expansion chamber, and a cut-01T valve also at the end of the drive pipe permitting water to flow tothe atmosphere and then closing said end of the diaphragm, and a weight outside of the rubber diaphragm acting to pull the diaphragm downward to overcome the momentum of the water in the drive pipe and close the expansion chamber valve after the momentum of the water in the drive pipe has forced water into the expansion chamber.

'7. An hydraulic ram including a rubber diaphragm forming an outside wall of the ram, and

means whereby the water operating the ram ilows over the outside of the rubber diaphragm and means whereby a flow of water is caused to flow over the outside of the rubber diaphragm while the ram is not operating.

8. In an hydraulic ram, a drive pipe, means forming an expansion chamber, a valve controlling communication between the drive pipe and the expansion chamber, and a second valve confrgssggss tr'lling' communication between VV'the 5 Vdrive :pipe and lthe' atmosphere, `said first valve constituting the mating seatof the's'econd valve. `9. Inanfliydraulic'ra'm; `la drive pipe, and two valves opened alternately-tofallow water to flow from Said drve pipe, one oi'- rsaid valves consti-V tuting" the lnatihg seat for the other:-

' 10. In anhydraulicramja'drive pipe',v means forming-' an 'expansion chambe'r, a 'valve I Icontrolling communication between' thedrive -pipe and the expansion chamber; anda second valve controlling communication vbetvs'fe'enl the' driver-pipe and the atmosphere,V s'ai'dj'secondf valve' yclosingv againstandf then-moving with the r'stvalve dur? ngpeni'ng and closing-'movements ofsaid'rst vawa l a 1 1.' In" an hydraulic ram, a diaphragm forming at'least'af part-ofthe wall of an' expansion charn-` ber, adrive pipe, aY valve 'controlling communie cation between the pipe and theexpansion cham` br and l nOrmaIlyheld'clSed" by the diaphragm, and a" second' valve controlling communication betwenfthe Lpipe and -theatmosp here,`

12.1y Inl 'anfhydraulic ram; adiaphragm forming at least `a. part or thewall of ,an expansion chamber, Va drive pipe, and a,` valve" between the drive"pip"l a df diaphragm movable with' thej latter to openand close-communication between the drivepipe "and the expansion chamber; j 13. In anihydraulicram; arubber'diaphragm forming at-*least Lai-part of the wall of an expansion -chanrbe V a @drive pipe, and ajflexible valveff'controlli communication vbetween the drive A.pipe "and-'expansion e chamber, said diaphragin constantl nding to move-and hold said valve tdardf-irlil its4 c c vsed' pQsitiQn. .1'4-1'1i1li'ar1ihydfelilcpamfa-diaphragm forni-A ing'fatleast "art vof the wall roan expansion chamber, la l driveA pipe, l a1valve`g controlling com mvnicft'ien between this pipendtheaexpension chamber,v and *a'second valve controlling communication between the pipe and atmosphere said communication being through the rst valves members and through the diaphragm.y

'15. In an hydraulic ram, a diaphragm forming at least a part of the wall ofv an expansion chamber and having an opening therethrough, a drive pipe having its end concentric with the opening in the diaphragm, a ring valve controlling communication between the pipe and the expansion chamber and seating against the end of the drive pipe, and a second valve controlling communication between the pipe andthe atmosphere, said secondr valve seating against the rst 16. In an hydraulic ram, a diaphragm form ing at least a part of the wall of an expansion chamber, a drive pipe, and a valve controlling communication between the pipe and expansion chamber, said valve seating against an end of the drive pipe when in closed position and being constantly urged to said closed position by the diaphragm.

17. In an hydraulic ram, a rubberl diaphragm forming at least a part of the wall of an expansion chamber, a drive pipe, a valve controlling communication between the pipe and expansion chamber, and means to cause water to ow from the drive pipe to and over the exterior surface of the rubber diaphragm which would otherwise be in contact with the atmosphere.

18. In an hydraulic ram, a rubber diaphragm forming at least a part of the wall of an expansion chamber, a drive pipe, a valve controlling communication Abetween thel` pipendexpansion chamber and means effective aiter `the ram stops operating to cause thewater whichwould normally operate the'ram-to'flow to and' over the exterior surface of thev diaphragm. v

19. In an hydraulic ram including aV rubber diaphragm forming at least a part ofthe wall of an expansion chamber, a drivepipe, avalve controlling communication between the pipe and expansion chamber, said valve being constantly urged to its closed positionby the diaphragm,` and means formaintaininguthe action ofthe diaphragm to urge thevalve to closedfposition afteruapermanent set has occured in the rubber thereof, b

20.` In an hydraulic A rampa `diaphragm forming at least a part of the wall of an expansion chamber,L a drive pipeyrand a valve controlling communiction -between Ythe pipe and expansion chamber and constantly urged to closed position by the diaphragm. v n l` f 21. In an hvdraulicram.'` a rubberqphragm forming at least fa part oi the wall; of expansion chamber, a 1drivepipe, a valve .controlling communication between the pipevand expansion chamber;l said valve being. constantly `urged to its closed position by the diaphragm, and spring means reinforcing the action of the diaphragm in urging the valve to its closed position,V n l l 22. In an hydraulic ram, means having an routside surface and forminganwexpansioh vchamber, a drive pipe, a valve between-the expansion chamber and drivepipepermittinghwater to be forced into tthe exp: ansion chamber, a second valve controlling .an intermittentrfiowof water from the-drive'pipeto the atrr'iospliere,A andmeans effective when saidy Vsecondvalve` stops operating in closed position to 'cause water -Which would otherwise flow through the drivapipe toilow over the outside surfaceof said mst-,means to maintainthe temperature ofthe water in thelexpansion chamber substantially equalto the tem-l perature of the water caused to flow over the said outside surfacay 1 i t 23.7A In an hydraulicramarubber diaphragm forming atleast a part of ,the wallof an expansion chamber, a drive pipe, a valve controlling communication 4between-the drive pipe and chamber and closed by, pressurervof the diaphragm thereagainst, and manual means operable to vary the pressure exerting`v force-of the diaphragm against the valve.l

24. In an hydraulic ram', a drive pipe, a. rubber diaphragm having spaced ends and surrounding the drive pipe to form an expansion chamber between itself and the drive pipe, avalve between the drive pipel and expansion chamber,a member surroundingsaid diaphragm and forming a. second-expansion chamber `between itself and the diaphragmA and communicating with the first chamber said member having an annular flange in contact with-the outside surface of said diaphragm at a. location intermediate the ends thereof.,V Y I l 25;. An hydraulic ram havinga water chamber; onside of which ,is formed bya rubber dia-y phragnnto permit-water to be forced in said chamber faster than the water leaves said chamber, means holding therubber diaphragm comprising an enlargement a't'oneA end thereof forming inner and outer shoulders, a'member supporting" onef of the shoulders, anda member supporting thefother shoulden'said second member being supported by the first member.`

= Insan hydraulic ram, a rubber diaphragm forming atleast afpart'of the wall of an expansion chamber, adrive pipe, a valve controlling communication between the pipe and expansion chamber, 'and means tojcaus'e water to flow to and over the exterior surface. yof the rubber diaphragm which Would otherwisebe :in Contact with the at- Biosphere., Y l i DORSEY F. ASBU'RY. 

